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Peptide research references

Research summaries, evidence limits and direct source links. Search a material or choose a research area.

Research summaries & sources

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TirzepatideDevelopment code: LY3298176Peptide analogFDA-labeled drug reference

A synthetic, acylated peptide analog that activates GIP and GLP-1 receptors. The database identity describes the reference substance, not any Elevated Pharma lot.

Research summary
Structural and receptor-pharmacology literature examines binding and signaling at GIP and GLP-1 receptors.
Evidence limits
An FDA-approved prescription product exists. That status does not transfer to an unlabeled research material, supplier source, or future Elevated Pharma product.
U.S. context
Current FDA prescribing information is the controlling source for the approved drug product. This informational record is not prescribing information.
Read the full Tirzepatide research reference →
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Formula
C225H348N48O68
Molecular mass
4813 g/mol
PubChem CID
166567236
RetatrutideDevelopment code: LY3437943Peptide analogActive clinical research

An investigational peptide agonist studied at GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors.

Research summary
Published phase 2 research and registered phase 3 studies examine this triple-receptor agonist in human clinical settings.
Evidence limits
Clinical-trial results do not establish the identity, quality, safety, or permitted use of an independently sourced material.
U.S. context
The cited records describe an investigational program. No FDA-approved product status is asserted by this library.
Read the full Retatrutide research reference →
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined

Official & primary research sources

Human chorionic gonadotropinAlso indexed as: hCGHormone / biologicFDA-labeled biologic reference

A heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone with alpha and beta subunits. It is not accurately represented as one small-molecule formula.

Research summary
Official labeling describes its biologic identity, subunit structure, and standardized potency convention.
Evidence limits
Mass alone does not establish hCG potency or equivalence. The source-list mass values are intentionally not reproduced in this library.
U.S. context
FDA-labeled hCG drug products express potency in USP units. This record does not represent or imply an approved Elevated Pharma product.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Composition dependent

Official & primary research sources

GHRP-2Also indexed as: Growth hormone-releasing peptide 2 · Also indexed as: PralmorelinPeptide analogHuman research literature

A synthetic hexapeptide growth-hormone secretagogue used in endocrine research.

Research summary
Human studies have examined endocrine response to GHRP-2 in diagnostic and longitudinal research settings.
Evidence limits
Published endocrine responses do not provide a general safety conclusion or establish an independently sourced material's identity.
U.S. context
No approved-product or permitted-use claim is made by this reference record.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Formula
C45H55N9O6
Molecular mass
818 g/mol
PubChem CID
6918245

Official & primary research sources

MOTS-cAlso indexed as: Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-cPeptidePreclinical literature

A 16-residue mitochondrial-derived peptide first characterized in cellular and animal research.

Research summary
The original literature studies cellular signaling and metabolic phenotypes in cultured cells and mice.
Evidence limits
The cited work is preclinical and does not establish human safety, clinical effectiveness, or a material specification.
U.S. context
FDA has identified limited human safety information and potential immunogenicity concerns in the compounding context.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Sequence
MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR
Formula
C101H152N28O22S2
Molecular mass
2174.6 g/mol
PubChem CID
146675088
GHK-CuAlso indexed as: Copper tripeptide-1 · Also indexed as: Copper glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysineMetal-peptide complexPreclinical literature

A copper complex of the glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine tripeptide.

Research summary
Published laboratory and animal work includes copper-binding and tissue-repair models.
Evidence limits
Preclinical findings do not establish clinical benefit or the identity, oxidation state, purity, or suitability of a future lot.
U.S. context
FDA identifies route-dependent data gaps and potential safety concerns for compounded injectable GHK-Cu.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Sequence
Gly-His-Lys
Formula
C14H21CuN6O4-
Molecular mass
400.9 g/mol
PubChem CID
139035031
KPVAlso indexed as: Lys-Pro-Val · Also indexed as: Lysine-proline-valinePeptidePreclinical literature

A three-residue peptide with the sequence lysine-proline-valine.

Research summary
Published work includes peptide-transport experiments in cells and inflammatory models in mice.
Evidence limits
Cell and animal findings cannot be treated as human outcome evidence or as a combined-product claim.
U.S. context
FDA has identified insufficient human safety information and potential immunogenicity concerns in the compounding context.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Sequence
Lys-Pro-Val
Formula
C16H30N4O4
Molecular mass
342.43 g/mol
PubChem CID
125672
SelankAlso indexed as: Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-ProPeptide analogPreclinical and analytical literature

A synthetic heptapeptide with the sequence Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro.

Research summary
Published work includes degradation analysis and preclinical neuropharmacology models.
Evidence limits
Preclinical and analytical publications do not establish human safety or therapeutic performance.
U.S. context
FDA has identified limited human safety information and potential immunogenicity concerns in the compounding context.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Sequence
Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro
Formula
C33H57N11O9
Molecular mass
751.9 g/mol
PubChem CID
11765600
SemaxAlso indexed as: Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-ProPeptide analogPreclinical and analytical literature

A synthetic heptapeptide with the sequence Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro.

Research summary
Published literature includes sequence characterization and preclinical nervous-system models.
Evidence limits
The cited research does not establish an FDA-approved use, human safety conclusion, or material release specification.
U.S. context
FDA has identified limited safety information and potential peptide-related immunogenicity concerns in the compounding context.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Sequence
Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro
Formula
C37H51N9O10S
Molecular mass
813.9 g/mol
PubChem CID
9811102
TesamorelinDevelopment code: TH9507Peptide analogFDA-labeled drug reference

A synthetic growth-hormone-releasing factor analog represented by a defined reference substance.

Research summary
Official labeling and chemistry databases document the approved drug substance and its pharmacologic class.
Evidence limits
Approval of a prescription product does not transfer to an unlabeled research material or establish future lot quality.
U.S. context
Current FDA prescribing information controls the approved product. This record is not prescribing information.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Formula
C221H366N72O67S
Molecular mass
5136 g/mol
PubChem CID
16137828
IpamorelinDevelopment code: NNC 26-0161Peptide analogHuman research literature

A synthetic pentapeptide growth-hormone secretagogue.

Research summary
Published work includes human pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic research and a controlled postsurgical trial.
Evidence limits
A limited clinical literature does not establish broad safety, effectiveness, or identity for independently sourced material.
U.S. context
FDA has identified safety concerns and insufficient information for compounded ipamorelin acetate.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Formula
C38H49N9O5
Molecular mass
711.9 g/mol
PubChem CID
9831659
EpitalonAlso indexed as: Epithalon · Also indexed as: Ala-Glu-Asp-GlyPeptidePreclinical literature

A synthetic tetrapeptide with the sequence Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly. Epithalon is a common alternate spelling.

Research summary
Published literature includes molecular and animal aging models.
Evidence limits
Preclinical observations do not establish human longevity, clinical benefit, or a material specification.
U.S. context
FDA has identified limited safety information and potential immunogenicity concerns in the compounding context.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Sequence
Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly
Formula
C14H22N4O9
Molecular mass
390.35 g/mol
PubChem CID
219042
Delta sleep-inducing peptideAlso indexed as: DSIP · Also indexed as: EmideltidePeptideLimited human literature

A nonapeptide also indexed as emideltide, with a defined nine-residue sequence.

Research summary
Early isolation work established the sequence; a small human sleep study reported weak and possibly incidental effects.
Evidence limits
The limited and mixed human literature does not establish therapeutic benefit or a general safety conclusion.
U.S. context
FDA has identified insufficient human safety information and potential immunogenicity concerns in the compounding context.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Sequence
Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu
Formula
C35H48N10O15
Molecular mass
848.8 g/mol
PubChem CID
68816
ThymalinAlso indexed as: Thymalin peptide complexPeptide complexIdentity review required

Primary literature describes Thymalin as a peptide complex originally isolated from animal tissue, not as one universally fixed molecular entity.

Research summary
Published work includes in-vitro studies of a named peptide complex.
Evidence limits
A supplier label reading only Thymalin is insufficient to establish composition, sequence, molecular mass, or equivalence to a literature preparation.
U.S. context
No approved-product or permitted-use claim is made. Exact source, composition, and analytical definition are required before any material admission.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Composition dependent

Official & primary research sources

SermorelinAlso indexed as: Sermorelin acetate · Also indexed as: GHRH(1-29) analogPeptide analogHuman research literature

A synthetic 29-residue analog of the amino-terminal segment of growth-hormone-releasing hormone. The acetate form requires its own salt documentation.

Research summary
Human endocrine research has examined pituitary response to GHRH(1-29)-related material.
Evidence limits
A base-compound database record does not establish acetate content, purity, potency, or future lot identity.
U.S. context
No current approved-product or permitted-use claim is made by this record.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Formula
C149H246N44O42S
Molecular mass
3357.9 g/mol
PubChem CID
16132413

Official & primary research sources

BPC-157Also indexed as: Body protection compound 157PeptidePreclinical literature / FDA review

A synthetic 15-residue peptide represented by a defined database reference substance.

Research summary
The published record is predominantly preclinical; FDA reviewed BPC-157-related bulk substances in 2026.
Evidence limits
Preclinical findings do not establish human effectiveness or safety. Scientific support for one component cannot be transferred to a mixture.
U.S. context
FDA identifies limited safety information and potential immunogenicity and impurity-characterization concerns for compounded BPC-157.
Read the full BPC-157 research reference →
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Formula
C62H98N16O22
Molecular mass
1419.5 g/mol
PubChem CID
9941957
TB-500Also indexed as: N-acetyl-LKKTETQ · Also indexed as: Thymosin beta-4 fragment 17-23Peptide fragmentIdentity review required

FDA's current substance record defines TB-500 as the seven-residue thymosin beta-4 fragment LKKTETQ, with N-terminal acetylation. It is not full-length thymosin beta-4.

Research summary
FDA's 2026 review evaluates TB-500-related bulk substances and separates the short fragment from full-length thymosin beta-4 literature.
Evidence limits
The supplied label also says thymosin beta-4 acetate, which is ambiguous. Full-length thymosin beta-4 evidence cannot be assigned to TB-500 without exact structural documentation.
U.S. context
FDA reports that it did not identify published nonclinical in-vivo wound studies for the defined TB-500 fragment and identifies broader safety-data limitations.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Supplier label ambiguous
Sequence
N-acetyl-LKKTETQ
AOD9604Also indexed as: AOD-9604 · Also indexed as: Modified growth hormone C-terminal fragmentPeptide fragmentPreclinical literature / FDA review

A modified C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone represented by a defined database record.

Research summary
Published research includes metabolic experiments in obese and lean mouse models.
Evidence limits
Mouse findings do not establish human effectiveness or safety and should not be conflated with an unlabeled growth-hormone fragment.
U.S. context
FDA identifies insufficient safety information for compounded AOD-9604 and notes concerns related to peptide impurities and immunogenicity.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Reference identity defined
Formula
C78H123N23O23S2
Molecular mass
1815.1 g/mol
PubChem CID
71300630
5-Amino-1MQAlso indexed as: 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium · Also indexed as: 5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium iodideSmall moleculePreclinical literature

A quaternary quinolinium small molecule studied as an NNMT inhibitor. It is not a peptide; the counterion must be specified to define the supplied salt.

Research summary
Published work includes enzyme, cell, and mouse studies of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition.
Evidence limits
The cited evidence is preclinical. The free cation and iodide salt have different formula and mass records and cannot be treated as unspecified equivalents.
U.S. context
No FDA-approved product, human safety conclusion, or permitted-use claim is made by this reference record.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Composition dependent
Formula
C10H11IN2
Molecular mass
286.11 g/mol
PubChem CID
66522933
BPC-157 + GHK-Cu + TB-500Also indexed as: Three-component source-list groupComponent groupComponent sources only

A source-list combination of three separately defined components. It has no single molecular identity, formula, or transferable evidence record.

Research summary
Review the BPC-157, GHK-Cu, and TB-500 records independently.
Evidence limits
Evidence for one component does not establish the behavior, stability, compatibility, safety, or performance of the mixture.
U.S. context
No combined-product status or permitted-use claim is made. Exact composition and compatibility evidence would be required before any product review.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Component group
Components
BPC-157 / GHK-Cu / TB-500

Official & primary research sources

GHK-Cu + TB-500 + BPC-157 + KPVAlso indexed as: KLOW source-list labelComponent groupComponent sources only

A source-list combination of four separately defined components. The supplier alias is not a scientific identity.

Research summary
Review each component record independently; no unified evidence record was identified for this exact group.
Evidence limits
Component-level literature cannot establish mixture compatibility, stability, safety, or performance.
U.S. context
No combined-product status or permitted-use claim is made. Exact composition and compatibility evidence would be required before any product review.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Component group
Components
GHK-Cu / TB-500 / BPC-157 / KPV

Official & primary research sources

BPC-157 + TB-500Also indexed as: Two-component source-list groupComponent groupComponent sources only

A source-list combination of two separately defined peptides. Repeated package ratios in the source list do not create separate scientific identities.

Research summary
Review the BPC-157 and TB-500 records independently.
Evidence limits
No unified evidence conclusion is assigned to the mixture, and full-length thymosin beta-4 literature is not TB-500 evidence.
U.S. context
No combined-product status or permitted-use claim is made. Exact composition and compatibility evidence would be required before any product review.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Component group
Components
BPC-157 / TB-500

Official & primary research sources

KPV + GHK-CuAlso indexed as: Two-component source-list groupComponent groupComponent sources only

A source-list combination of a tripeptide and a copper-peptide complex. It has no single molecular identity.

Research summary
Review the KPV and GHK-Cu records independently.
Evidence limits
Separate component literature does not establish mixture compatibility, copper speciation, stability, safety, or performance.
U.S. context
No combined-product status or permitted-use claim is made. Exact composition and compatibility evidence would be required before any product review.
Identity & technical details
Identity status
Component group
Components
KPV / GHK-Cu

Official & primary research sources